本文共 3060 字，大约阅读时间需要 10 分钟。

Prometheus + Grafana + Altermanager监控告警配置指南

1. Prometheus安装与配置

1.1 安装Go环境

wget https://studygolang.com/dl/golang/go1.10.3.linux-amd64.tar.gzsudo tar -C /usr/local -xzf go1.10.3.linux-amd64.tar.gzvim /etc/profile

export GO_HOME=/usr/local/goexport PATH=$GO_HOME/bin:$PATHsource /etc/profilego version

1.2 安装Prometheus

wget https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus/releases/download/v2.3.0/prometheus-2.3.0.linux-amd64.tar.gztar zxvf prometheus-2.3.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz -C ~/softwarecd ~/software/prometheus-2.3.0.linux-amd64vim prometheus.yml

scrape_configs:  - job_name: prometheus    scrape_interval: 5m    static_configs:      - targets: ['localhost:9090']    labels:      instance: prometheus  - job_name: node    scrape_interval: 5m    static_configs:      - targets: ['localhost:9100']    labels:      instance: server1  - job_name: mysql    scrape_interval: 5m    static_configs:      - targets: ['localhost:9104']    labels:      instance: db1  - job_name: redis    scrape_interval: 5m    static_configs:      - targets: ['localhost:9121']    labels:      instance: redis1

1.3 启动Prometheus

nohup ./prometheus --config.file=prometheus.yml &

检查运行状态：

ps -ef | grep prometheus

2. Grafana安装与配置

2.1 安装Grafana

wget https://dl.grafana.com/oss/release/grafana_6.2.2_amd64.debsudo dpkg -i grafana_6.2.2_amd64.debsudo service grafana-server start

访问监控面板：

http://localhost:3000/login

2.2 配置数据源

点击“Add Data Source”，选择Prometheus，输入配置信息并保存。

3. Prometheus告警配置

3.1 安装Altermanager

wget https://github.com/prometheus/alertmanager/releases/download/v0.19.0/alertmanager-0.19.0.linux-amd64.tar.gztar zxvf alertmanager-0.19.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz -C ~/softwarecd ~/software/alertmanager-0.19.0.linux-amd64vim altermanager.yml

[receiver "alertmanager"]  smtp_smarthost = 'smtp.qq.com:465'  smtp_auth_password = '你的QQ邮箱授权码'  smtp_from = '你的QQ邮箱'  smtp_tls = false

3.2 启动Altermanager

nohup ./alertmanager --config.file=altermanager.yml &

3.3 配置Prometheus告警规则

vim ~/software/prometheus-2.3.0.linux-amd64/rules.yml

groups: - name: test-rules  rules:  - alert: InstanceDown    expr: up == 0    for: 2m    labels:      status: warning    annotations:      summary: '{instance}: has been down'      description: '{instance}: job {job} has been down'  - alert: NodeCpuUsage    expr: (100 - (avg by (instance) (rate(node_cpu{mode="idle"}[2m])) * 100)) > 99    for: 15m    labels:      service_name: test      level: warning    annotations:      description: '{instance}: CPU usage is above 99% (current value: {value})'

3.4 启动Prometheus并查看告警规则

ps -ef | grep prometheuskill -f xxxnohup ./prometheus --config.file=prometheus.yml &

访问告警页面：

http://localhost:9090/alerts

4. 常见问题与解决方案

4.1 QQ邮箱配置错误

• 确保smtp_tls设置为false，并使用POP3/SMTP服务。
• 获取QQ邮箱授权码：登录QQ邮箱，进入“设置”→“账户安全”→“授权应用”。

4.2 Grafana插件安装

安装饼图插件：

sudo grafana-cli plugins install grafana-piechart-panelsudo service grafana-server restart

5. 其他配置

可以根据实际需求配置企业版微信、钉钉等告警接收地址。

6. 总结

Prometheus+Grafana+Altermanager是一套灵活高效的监控告警解决方案，适合Docker、Kubernetes等现代化容器化环境。通过合理配置Exporter、Prometheus、Grafana和Altermanager，可以实现对集群、存储、网络等多维度的实时监控，并通过邮件、钉钉等方式接收告警信息。

转载地址：http://jexfk.baihongyu.com/